European Birch Plywood – Inspection Items & Grading Standard

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Complete List of 36 Inspection Defect Items

No.	Wood & Processing Defects
1	Pin knots
2	Knots: sound, intergrown, light and dark
3	Partially intergrown knots
4	Black knots, loose knots, knot holes (no bark inclusions)
5	Close shakes
6	Open shakes, open splits in spliced veneer
7	Timber structure flaws (diagonal grain, swirly grain, burls, bud traces)
8	Flaws in wood (inner inbark, light and dark)
9	Flaws in wood (open inbarks)
10	Sound discoloration (false heartwood)
11	Sound discoloration (streaks, streak traces)
12	Sound discoloration (congested streaks)
13	Mineral streaks, sap stains (blue, colored sap stains), wood discoloration during storage
14	Biological damage (wormholes)
15	Discoloration with partial wood damage
16	Knotting and patching with wooden inserts
17	Double patch
18	Shake filling (Note: Shake filling with patches or putty is subject to agreement with the customer)
19	Overlap ridges (telegraphing overlaps)
20	Overlap
21	Manufacturing stains (beam traces, lines)
22	Glue stain
23	Mechanical defects (pinholes, saw cuts)
24	Scratches, grooves, pimples, ridges
25	Warping
26	Adhesive thread occurrence
27	Blisters, delamination, bark patches
28	Sander skips (uneven sanding)
29	Face veneer oversanding
30	Metal inclusions
31	Edge defects caused by sanding, cutting (fringe), veneer shortage
32	Coarse peeling
33	Waviness (sanded plywood), rough saw cut, ripple
34	Rough surface (Rm roughness value according to GOST 7016, in µm, max: 100 for sanded plywood, 200 for unsanded plywood)
35	Pockets (without bark inclusions)
36	Pasted veneer chips

Grade‑by‑Grade Allowance Summary Table

Wood & Processing Defects	B Sel (Ⅰ)	S Sel (Ⅰ)	B (Ⅰ)	S (Ⅰ)	BBx (Ⅱ)	BB (Ⅱ)	CP (Ⅲ)	WGE (Ⅲ)	WG (Ⅲ)	C (Ⅳ)	CC (Ⅳ)
1. Pin knots	Allowed	Allowed	Allowed	Allowed	Allowed	Allowed	Allowed	Allowed	Allowed	Allowed	Allowed
2. Knots: sound, intergrown, light and dark	Not allowed	‑	Up to 15 mm diameter, shake ≤0.5 mm wide, 5 pcs/m²	Up to 15 mm diameter, shake ≤0.5 mm wide, 5 pcs/m²	10 pcs/m²	Up to 25 mm diameter, shake ≤1 mm wide	Shake ≤1 mm wide	‑	Allowed	‑	‑
3. Partially intergrown knots	Size & quantity comply with Item 4	‑	‑	‑	Within total intergrown‑knot limit: Ø≤15 mm, 10 pcs/m²	‑	‑	‑	‑	Up to 40 mm diameter, no quantity limit	Up to 70 mm diameter, no quantity limit
4. Black knots, loose knots, knot holes (no bark inclusions)	‑	Ø≤6 mm, 2 pcs/m²	Within intergrown‑knot total: Ø≤6 mm, 3 pcs/m²	‑	‑	‑	Ø≤6 mm, no quantity limit	‑	Ø≤15 mm,7 pcs/m²	Ø≤40 mm, no quantity limit; bark patches ≤5 mm around knots permitted	Ø≤70 mm, no quantity limit; bark patches ≤5 mm around knots permitted
5. Close shakes	≤200 mm long, 2 pcs/m of sheet width	‑	≤200 mm long,5 pcs/m of sheet width	‑	≤300 mm long,5 pcs/m of sheet width	‑	Marginal & medial permitted	‑	‑	‑	‑
6. Open shakes, open splits in spliced veneer	Not allowed	≤200 mm long, ≤1 mm wide,2 pcs/m sheet width	Not allowed	≤200 mm long, ≤1 mm wide,2 pcs/m sheet width	≤200 mm long, ≤2 mm wide,3 pcs/m sheet width	≤250 mm long, ≤2 mm wide,3 pcs/m sheet width	≤600 mm long, ≤2 mm wide,2 pcs/m sheet width; up to 600 mm ×5 mm if putty‑sealed	Same as CP	≤600 mm long, ≤5 mm wide,2 pcs/m sheet width	≤800 mm long, ≤10 mm wide, no quantity limit	≤15 mm wide, no quantity limit
7. Timber structure flaws (diagonal grain, swirly grain, burls, bud traces)	Allowed, dark bud traces excluded	‑	‑	‑	‑	Allowed	‑	‑	‑	‑	‑
8. Flaws in wood (inner inbark, light and dark)	Light inbark permitted; dark inbark follows black‑knot limits	‑	‑	‑	‑	‑	‑	‑	‑	‑	‑
9. Flaws in wood (open inbarks)	Allowed within black‑knot total limits	‑	‑	‑	‑	‑	‑	‑	‑	‑	‑
10. Sound discoloration (false heartwood)	Not allowed	‑	‑	‑	Up to 25 % of sheet surface	‑	Up to 75 % of sheet surface	‑	‑	‑	Allowed
11. Sound discoloration (streaks, streak traces)	≤100 mm ×2 mm,3 pcs/m²	≤175 mm ×2 mm,3 pcs/m²	Light: ≤175 mm ×4 mm,3 pcs/m²	Light: ≤175 mm ×4 mm,5 pcs/m²	10 pcs/m²	≤250 mm ×10 mm, 2 pcs/m²	‑	‑	Allowed	‑	‑
12. Sound discoloration (congested streaks)	Not allowed	Light‑colored ≤30×30 mm, 1 pcs/m²	‑	‑	≤60×40 mm, 1 pcs/m²	‑	Allowed	‑	‑	‑	‑
13. Mineral streaks, sap stains (blue, colored sap stains), wood discoloration during storage	Not allowed	Up to 5 % sheet area	Up to 30 % sheet area	‑	‑	Up to 50 % sheet area (combined with false heartwood)	‑	Up to 75 % sheet area (combined with false heartwood)	‑	‑	Allowed
14. Biological damage (wormholes)	‑	‑	‑	‑	Within black‑knot total limits	‑	‑	‑	‑	‑	‑
15. Discoloration with partial wood damage	Not allowed	Separate stripes ≤30 mm wide ×200 mm long, 2 pcs/m sheet length	‑	‑	‑	‑	‑	‑	‑	‑	‑
16. Knotting and patching with wooden inserts	Not allowed	1 pcs/m²	Not allowed	Up to 1 pcs/m²	Not allowed	Up to 8 pcs/m²	Gap ≤1 mm on one side (or ≤0.5 mm both sides)	Same as CP	Allowed	‑	‑
17. Double patch	‑	‑	Not allowed	‑	‑	Up to 1 pcs/m²	‑	Allowed	‑	‑	‑
18. Shake filling	‑	Not allowed	‑	‑	‑	Shakes >2 mm must be filled with glued veneer patches	Shakes >5 mm must be filled with glued veneer patches	Shakes >5 mm must be filled with glued veneer patches	‑	Allowed	‑
19. Overlap ridges (telegraphing overlaps)	Not allowed	‑	‑	‑	≤200 mm ×10 mm,3 pcs/sheet	‑	≤600 mm ×10 mm,5 pcs/sheet	‑	≤10 mm width	Allowed	‑
20. Overlap	Not allowed	‑	‑	‑	≤100 mm ×2 mm,1 pcs/m sheet width	‑	≤300 mm ×2 mm,2 pcs/m sheet width	‑	≤600 mm ×4 mm,2 pcs/m sheet width	Allowed	‑
21. Manufacturing stains (beam traces, lines)	‑	Not allowed	‑	‑	Up to 10 % sheets per bundle	‑	‑	Allowed	‑	‑	‑
22. Glue stain	‑	Not allowed	‑	Up to 1 % sheet area	‑	3‑21 mm: ≤2 % sheet area; ≥24 mm: ≤5 % sheet area	3‑21 mm: ≤5 % sheet area; ≥24 mm: ≤10 % sheet area	‑	3‑21 mm: ≤5 % sheet area; ≥24 mm: ≤10 % sheet area	Allowed	‑
23. Mechanical defects (pinholes, saw cuts)	‑	‑	‑	‑	‑	Within black‑knot total limits	‑	‑	‑	‑	‑
24. Scratches, grooves, pimples, ridges	‑	Not allowed	‑	‑	‑	‑	Depth ≤0.5 mm; ≤120 mm ×10 mm	Same as CP	≤120 mm long	Allowed	‑
25. Warping	Ignored ≤6.5 mm thickness; >6.5 mm: ≤10 mm/m of sheet diagonal	Ignored ≤6.5 mm thickness; >6.5 mm: ≤15 mm/m of sheet diagonal	‑	‑	‑	‑	‑	‑	‑	‑	‑
26. Adhesive thread occurrence	‑	Not allowed	‑	‑	‑	‑	Allowed	‑	‑	‑	‑
27. Blisters, delamination, bark patches	‑	‑	‑	‑	‑	Not allowed	‑	‑	‑	‑	‑
28. Sander skips (uneven sanding)	‑	Not allowed	‑	‑	Up to 5 mm from edge	‑	‑	Up to 5 % sheet area	‑	Up to 50 % sheet area	Allowed
29. Face veneer oversanding	Not allowed	‑	‑	‑	‑	‑	3‑21 mm: ≤1 % sheet area; ≥24 mm: ≤2 % sheet area	‑	‑	‑	‑
30. Metal inclusions	‑	‑	Not allowed	‑	Non‑ferrous metal staples allowed	‑	‑	‑	‑	‑	‑
31. Edge defects caused by sanding, cutting (fringe), veneer shortage	‑	Not allowed	‑	‑	‑	‑	Up to 5 mm wide along edge	‑	‑	Up to 10 mm wide	Up to 25 mm wide
32. Coarse peeling	‑	Not allowed	‑	‑	Up to 5 % sheet surface	‑	Up to 15 % sheet surface	‑	‑	Allowed	‑
33. Waviness (sanded plywood), rough saw cut, ripple	‑	‑	Not allowed	‑	‑	‑	‑	‑	Allowed	‑	‑
34. Rough surface	Rm max:100 µm (sanded), 200 µm (unsanded), GOST 7016	‑	‑	‑	‑	‑	‑	‑	‑	‑	‑
35. Pockets (without bark inclusions)	‑	Not allowed	‑	‑	‑	Within congested‑streak size (60×40 mm),2 pcs/m²	Allowed	‑	‑	‑	‑
36. Pasted veneer chips	‑	Not allowed	‑	‑