Wood, Panel and Structural Timber Products – Mechanical Properties ,Modulus of Elasticity and more

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Density, fibre stress, compressive strength and modulus of elasticity of clear wood, panel and structural timber products.

Clear Wood

Wood	Density – ρ – (kg/m3)	Fibre Stress at Elastic Limit – σy – (MPa)	Modulus of Elasticity – E – (GPa)	Compressive Strength parallel to Grain – σ – (MPa)	Shear Strength parallel to grain – τ – (MPa)
Alder, red	410	68	9.5	40.1	7.4
Ash – Black, Blue, Green, Oregon, White	490 – 600	87 – 103	9.4 – 12	41.2 – 51.1	10.8 – 14
Aspen – Bigtooth, Quaking	390	63	9.9	36.5	7.4
Baldcypress	460	73	9.9	43.9	6.9
Baswood, American	370	60	10.1	32.6	6.9
Beech, American	640	103	11.9	50.3	13.9
Birch – Paper, Sweet, Yellow	550 – 620	85 – 114	11 – 15	39.2 – 58.9	8.3 – 15.4
Butternut	380	56	8.1	36.2	8.1
Cedar – Atlantic White, Eastern Red, Incence, Northern White, Port-Orford, Western Red, Yellow	310 – 470	45 – 88	5.5 – 11.7	27.3 – 43.5	5.5 – 9.4
Cherry, black	500	85	10.3	49	11.7
Chestnut, American	430	59	8.5	36.7	7.4
Cottonwood – Balam Poplar, Black, Eastern	310 – 400	27 – 59	7.6 – 9.4	27.7 – 33.9	5.4 – 7.2
Douglas-fir – Coast, Inerior West, Interior North, Interior South	460 – 500	82 – 90	10.3 – 13.4	43.1 – 51.2	7.8 – 10.4
Elm, English	560	40 – 54	11.8	17 – 32	8 – 11.3
Elm, Dutch	560	42 – 60	7.7	18 – 32	7.2 – 10
Fir	320 – 430	61.4 – 75.8	8.9 – 11.9	33.5 – 44.2	6.2 – 8.4
Hackberry	530	76	8.2	37.5	11
Hemlock – Eastern, Mountain, Western	400 – 450	61 – 79	8.3 – 11.3	37.3 – 49	7.3 – 10.6
Hickory, pecan – Bitternut, Nutmeg, Pecan, Water	600 – 660	94 – 123	11.7 – 13.9	47.6 – 62.3	14.3
Hickory, true – Mockernut, Pignut, Shagbark, Shellbark	690 – 720	125 – 139	14.9 – 15.6	55.2 – 63.5	12 – 16.8
Honeylocust		101	11.2	51.7	15.5
Larch, Western	520	90	12.9	52.5
Locust, black	690	134	14.1	70.2	17.1
Magnolia – Cucumbertree, Southern	480 – 500	77 – 85	9.7 – 12.5	37.6 – 43.5	9.2 – 10.5
Mahogany	545	60	8.7	45	6.0
Maple – Bigleaf, Black, Red, Silver, Sugar	480 – 630	61 – 109	7.9 – 12.6	36 – 54	11.9 – 16.1
Oak, red – Black, Cherrybark, laurel, Northern Red, Pin, Scarlet, Southern Red, Water, Willow	590 – 690	75 – 125	10.3 – 13.1	42 – 60.3	9.6 – 14.3
Oak, white – Bur, Chestnut, Live, Overcup, Post, Swamp Chestnut, Swamp White, White	640 – 880	71 – 127	7.1 – 13.7	41.8 – 61.4	10.3 – 13.8
Pine – Eastern White, Jack, Loblolly, Lodgepole, Longleaf, Pitch	350 – 590	59 – 100	8.5 – 13.7	33.1 – 49.2	6.1 – 10.4
Poplar, Yellow	420	70	10.9	38.2	8.2
Sassafras	460	62	7.7	32.8	8.5
Spruce – Black, Engelmann, Red, Sitka, White, Norway	350 – 430	63 – 79	7.9 – 11	37 – 44	6.8 – 9.2
Sweetgum	520	86	11.3	43.6	11
Sycamore, American	490	69	9.8	37.1	10.1
Tupelo – Black, Water	500	66	8.3 – 8.7	38.1 – 40.8	9.2 – 11
Walnut, black	550	101	11.6	52.3	9.4
Willow, black	390	54	7	28.3	8.6

• values for wood with 12% moisture content
• 1 MPa = 10⁶ Pa
• 1 GPa = 10⁹ Pa
• Fibre Stress at Elastic Limit (Modulus of Rupture)
• Modulus of Elasticity (Tensile Modulus, Young’s Modulus)